Therapy professionals n.e.c.

SOC 2020 2229

Job holders in this unit group plan and apply physical and therapeutic treatments and activities to assist recovery from physical and mental illness and to minimise the effects of disabilities not elsewhere classified in minor group 222: Therapy professionals.

Also calledArt therapistArt psychotherapistMusic therapistNutritional therapistPlay therapistAcupuncturistand 31 more titles
Typical full-time pay£37,6002025 Provisional
People in the job52,000across the UK
New adverts a month1,000↓ 11%on last year · 188th of 412

Pay

ONS · ASHE 2025

Half of full-time therapy professionals n.e.c. earn between £30,100 and £48,500 a year.

What full-time therapy professionals n.e.c. earn, 2025
Spread of full-time pay for therapy professionals n.e.c.
£37,600 typical£29,900lowest 20%£48,50075%n/ptop 10%
Middle half (£30,100–£48,500)n/p: top 10% not published by ONS
Show as table
Lowest 10% earn less thanNot published
Lowest 20% earn less than£29,900
25%£30,100
Median£37,600
75%£48,500
Top 20% earn more thanNot published
Top 10% earn more thanNot published
More than half (53%) of therapy professionals n.e.c. work for themselves. These pay figures only cover employees, so they may not reflect what self-employed therapy professionals n.e.c. earn.
Typical pay by regionUK median £37,600
Typical full-time pay for therapy professionals n.e.c. by region
London!£43,600
West Midlands!£41,000
North West!£37,100
South East!£36,800
North East!£31,800
East of England!£27,100
Yorkshire and The HumberNot published by ONS–
East MidlandsNot published by ONS–
South WestNot published by ONS–
ScotlandNot published by ONS–
WalesNot published by ONS–
!Small sample: treat with caution
Show as table
UK median, £37,600
London£43,600 (small sample)
West Midlands£41,000 (small sample)
North West£37,100 (small sample)
South East£36,800 (small sample)
North East£31,800 (small sample)
East of England£27,100 (small sample)
Yorkshire and The HumberNot published by ONS
East MidlandsNot published by ONS
South WestNot published by ONS
ScotlandNot published by ONS
WalesNot published by ONS
Typical pay over 3 years
  • 2023 £34,500
  • 2024 £31,800
  • 2025 Provisional£37,600
↑ 9% since 2023Provisional figures are revised when ONS publishes the next year’s survey.

Jobs and demand

ONS · Textkernel adverts · DfE

About 1,000 jobs for therapy professionals n.e.c. are advertised each month.

New job adverts a month, Jan 2017 to Aug 2026
New online job adverts for therapy professionals n.e.c. each month
New advertsMonth not published by ONS (2 in all)
Show as table
Aug 2026923
Jul 20261,015
Jun 2026Not published
May 2026853
Apr 2026833
Mar 2026Not published
Feb 2026906
Jan 2026964
Dec 2025712
Nov 20251,330
Oct 20251,420
Sept 20251,248
Aug 20251,382
Jul 20251,704
Jun 20251,066
May 20251,209
Apr 2025969
Mar 20251,124
Feb 20251,168
Jan 2025996
Dec 2024740
Nov 20241,042
Oct 20241,100
Sept 20241,210
Aug 20241,220
Jul 20241,448
Jun 20241,319
May 20241,399
Apr 20241,166
Mar 20241,174
Feb 20241,109
Jan 20241,298
Dec 20231,002
Nov 20231,131
Oct 20231,125
Sept 20231,078
Aug 20231,367
Jul 20231,404
Jun 20231,908
May 20231,738
Apr 20231,417
Mar 20231,582
Feb 20231,582
Jan 20231,783
Dec 20221,640
Nov 20222,020
Oct 20221,887
Sept 20221,881
Aug 20221,792
Jul 20222,001
Jun 20221,889
May 20222,060
Apr 20221,558
Mar 20221,704
Feb 20221,561
Jan 20221,523
Dec 20211,340
Nov 20211,523
Oct 20211,409
Sept 20211,382
Aug 20211,318
Jul 20211,668
Jun 20211,355
May 20211,463
Apr 20211,152
Mar 20211,518
Feb 20211,056
Jan 20211,161
Dec 20201,140
Nov 2020976
Oct 20201,166
Sept 20201,043
Aug 2020963
Jul 20201,070
Jun 20201,069
May 2020936
Apr 2020708
Mar 2020967
Feb 2020991
Jan 20201,150
Dec 2019882
Nov 20191,102
Oct 20191,030
Sept 2019901
Aug 2019940
Jul 20191,051
Jun 20191,153
May 20191,106
Apr 2019686
Mar 2019775
Feb 2019779
Jan 2019749
Dec 2018567
Nov 2018764
Oct 2018891
Sept 2018773
Aug 2018793
Jul 2018799
Jun 2018768
May 2018681
Apr 2018574
Mar 2018682
Feb 2018584
Jan 2018689
Dec 2017530
Nov 2017758
Oct 2017803
Sept 2017657
Aug 2017650
Jul 2017720
Jun 2017727
May 2017695
Apr 2017768
Mar 2017623
Feb 2017560
Jan 2017689
Vacancies hard to fill because of skills
31%against 27% for all jobs
Broader groupFigure for health professionals, which includes therapy professionals n.e.c.. DfE Employer Skills Survey 2024.
Where the most jobs are advertisedadverts a quarter
Local areas with the most adverts for therapy professionals n.e.c.
London is published as one area. Averages leave out quarters ONS withheld.
Where therapy professionals n.e.c. are most concentratedShare of local job adverts, compared with the UK.

Recruitment from abroad. 34 sponsored work visas were granted for this job from July 2025 to June 2026, most to people from United States, Hungary, Malaysia, ranking it 159th of 313. Home Office

Who does it

ONS · Annual Population Survey · April 2025 to March 2026
Age of therapy professionals n.e.c.
Age profile of therapy professionals n.e.c.
7.3%!
24%!
21%!
20%!
22%!
5.4%!
!Small sample: treat with caution
Show as table
16–247.3% (small sample)
25–3424% (small sample)
35–4421% (small sample)
45–5420% (small sample)
55–6422% (small sample)
65+5.4% (small sample)
Highest qualification
Highest qualification held by therapy professionals n.e.c.
Degree or equivalent85%
Higher education below degree!6.4%
A levels or equivalent!4.6%
GCSEs or equivalent–
Not published
Other qualifications–
Not published
!Small sample: treat with caution
Show as table
Degree or equivalent85%
Higher education below degree6.4% (small sample)
A levels or equivalent4.6% (small sample)
GCSEs or equivalentNot published
Other qualificationsNot published

Main employers: other human health activities (27%), specialist medical practice activities (18%), hospital activities (15%), regulation of the activities of providing health care, education, cultural services and other social services, excluding social security (9.7%).

How to get in

Hold a degree
85%
as their highest qualification
Registration
HCPC or HCPC or General Osteopathic Council
required for some roles: Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) or The Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC) or General Osteopathic Council
Apprenticeships
5
from level 6, including degree apprenticeships
Apprenticeships take
1 to 4 years
typically
Self-employed
53%
of people in the job

Routes in

Art therapist

You can get into this job through a university course or an apprenticeship.

University

You'll need to complete a postgraduate master's qualification approved by the Health and Care Professions Council.

Full-time postgraduate courses normally take 2 years to complete. Part-time courses can take 3 to 4 years.

You'll need a related first degree to apply for a postgraduate course. Subjects include:

  • visual arts
  • creative therapeutic arts
  • psychology
  • nursing
  • social work
  • education

Most institutions will also ask that you have at least 1 year's work experience in your chosen field, for example in community arts or working with vulnerable people.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Apprenticeship

You may be able to apply to do an Arts Therapist Level 7 Degree Apprenticeship with an organisation like a healthcare trust.

This normally takes around 2 years to complete and is at postgraduate level. You should talk to your employer about potential apprenticeship opportunities.

Entry requirements

Employers will set their own entry requirements.

Volunteering

You can get paid or volunteering experience with:

  • community arts projects
  • youth work charities
  • disabled people
  • people with mental health issues

Volunteering in the NHS is also a good way to get work experience in healthcare. This can be helpful when you apply for jobs or training.

You can also find opportunities through The National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) and Do it.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks as you may work with children and vulnerable adults

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you'll need to register with the Health and Care Professions Council
Career tips

You could do an introduction or foundation course in art therapy to get an idea of what the work involves.

When applying for jobs with the health service, you would be expected to have an understanding of how the NHS values would apply in your work.

Professional and industry bodies

You can join the British Association of Art Therapists for access to news, resources, professional development training and networking opportunities.

Further information

You'll find more details about a career in art therapy from the British Association of Art Therapists and Health Careers.

You can also explore other careers in the psychological professions through the Psychological Professions Network.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for art therapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Music therapist

You can get into this job through a university course or an apprenticeship.

University

You'll need to do an approved postgraduate course in music therapy and then register with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC).

To get on a postgraduate course in music therapy, you'll usually need a degree in music.

However, you might be accepted if you have an education or psychology degree and you have a high level of music skill.

To apply for a postgraduate course, you'll need 1 or 2 years of paid or voluntary work experience in a health, education or social care setting.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Apprenticeship

You could do an Arts Therapists Level 7 Degree Apprenticeship.

You'll usually need a qualification and experience in art, drama or music to apply.

Entry requirements

To do this apprenticeship, you'll need:

  • a degree in a relevant subject

Volunteering

You'll find it useful to have volunteering experience in health, education or social care.

You can also find volunteering opportunities through the The National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) and Do IT.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you'll need to register with the Health and Care Professions Council
Career tips

You could do an introductory course in music therapy to get an idea of what this work involves.

The British Association for Music Therapy offers short courses. You might also be able to find courses at some music colleges and universities.

Your salary as a music therapist will vary. if you do not work for the NHS. The British Association for Music Therapy can give you advice on recommended rates of pay.

Professional and industry bodies

You can join the British Association for Music Therapy for professional recognition, career development and to make contact with other therapists.

Further information

You can find more advice about careers and training in music therapy from the British Association for Music Therapy and Health Careers.

You can also explore other careers in the psychological professions.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for music therapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Nutritional therapist

You can get into this job through a university course.

University

You'll improve your employment prospects if you get a qualification that is recognised by one of the professional organisations for nutritional therapy.

The Nutritional Therapy Education Commission accredits courses in nutritional therapy at undergraduate degree, postgraduate diploma and master's level.

When choosing a course, make sure that you:

  • understand if the course is online, face-to-face or a mix of the two
  • find out how much clinical experience you’ll get on the course
  • check your course has a good reputation
Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 to 3 A levels, or equivalent, for a degree
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you could join an accredited register managed by the Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC) or the Federation of Holistic Therapists
Career tips

Many nutritional therapists are self-employed.

When you start, you might need to work longer hours to get more clients and build up your reputation.

You may find it useful to train in related types of therapy to increase the number of clients that you see.

Further information

You can find out more about careers in nutritional therapy from the:

  • British Association for Nutrition and Lifestyle Medicine
  • Naturopathic Nutrition Association
  • Association of Naturopathic Practitioners

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for nutritional therapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Play therapist

You can get into this job through:

University

You'll need to complete a degree followed by a postgraduate qualification approved by the British Association of Play Therapists or Play Therapy UK.

Your undergraduate degree should be in a related subject like:

  • psychology
  • early childhood studies
  • mental health nursing
  • social work
  • education

You'll also need experience of working with children in professions like teaching, nursing, counselling, therapy or social work.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Apprenticeship

You could do a Play Therapist Level 7 Higher Apprenticeship.

This typically takes 3 years to complete.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • experience in related work
  • a degree in a relevant subject

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks as you may work with children and vulnerable adults

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you'll need to register with the British Association of Play Therapists or Play Therapy UK
Career tips

If you have an interest in play therapy and work in a profession like teaching, nursing, counselling or social work you may be able to take an introductory course to find out more about it.

Further information

You can get more advice about careers in play therapy from the British Association of Play Therapists and Play Therapy UK.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for play therapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Acupuncturist

You can get into this job through specialist courses run by professional bodies.

Other routes

You'll need to get a qualification that is recognised by a professional body like the:

  • British Acupuncture Council
  • Acupuncture Society
  • Acupuncture Regulatory Authority
  • Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture

You can do different courses, with some going up to degree level. Check with the professional bodies for course entry requirements.

More about this route
British Medical Acupuncture Society

If you're already a qualified healthcare professional, you could train in acupuncture with the British Medical Acupuncture Society.

As a member of the British Medical Acupuncture Society, you can use acupuncture in your professional practice.

What you’ll need

  • pass background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Career tips

It's important to research courses carefully to make sure they cover topics in enough depth and include practical experience.

While shorter, introductory courses can offer you an insight into the profession, they should be seen as a stepping stone onto fully accredited acupuncturist training.

Professional bodies can give you advice about how to choose a course.

Professional and industry bodies

You may find it useful to join a professional body, such as the:

  • British Acupuncture Council
  • Acupuncture Regulatory Authority
  • Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council

These offer professional recognition, training opportunities and the chance to make industry contacts.

Further information

You can find out more about a career in acupuncture from the:

  • British Acupuncture Accreditation Board
  • British Acupuncture Council
  • NHS

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for acupuncturist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Chiropractor

You can get into this job through a university course.

University

You'll need to do a degree or postgraduate master's course recognised by the General Chiropractic Council.

This involves 3 to 4 years of full-time study and 1 year working under supervision.

You might be able to take an Access to Science course if you do not have the academic entry requirements for a degree.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C), or equivalent, including English, maths and science
  • 3 A levels or equivalent

Volunteering

Volunteering in the NHS is a good way to get work experience in healthcare. This can be helpful when you apply for jobs or training.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you'll need to be registered with the General Chiropractic Council before you can work as a chiropractor
Further information

You can find out more about becoming a chiropractor from the General Chiropractic Council and the British Chiropractic Association.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for chiropractor. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Dramatherapist

You can get into this job through a university course or an apprenticeship.

University

You'll need to complete a postgraduate course in dramatherapy accredited by the British Association of Dramatherapists.

To apply for a postgraduate course, you'll need a degree in a related subject, such as:

  • drama
  • performing arts
  • psychology
  • theatre performance

You may also be able to apply if you have a degree in a subject like occupational therapy, nursing or social work.

You'll be expected to have around 12 months' practical experience of working or volunteering in a support role, for example:

  • counselling
  • teaching
  • caring
  • family support
  • community arts
Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Apprenticeship

You might be able to apply for an Arts Therapist Level 7 Degree Apprenticeship, which includes dramatherapy.

You'll usually need a qualification and experience in art, drama or music to apply, along with the support of your employer.

Entry requirements

To do this apprenticeship, you'll need:

  • a degree in a relevant subject

Volunteering

You'll find it useful to have paid or voluntary experience, which can be helpful when you apply for jobs or training.

You can find opportunities with:

  • community drama projects
  • youth schemes
  • organisations who work with disabled people and people with mental health issues

Volunteering in the NHS is a good way to get work experience.

You can also find openings through The National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) and Do it.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you'll need to register with the Health and Care Professions Council
Professional and industry bodies

You could join the British Association of Dramatherapists for professional recognition, and training and development opportunities.

Further information

You can find advice about how to become a dramatherapist from the British Association of Dramatherapists and Health Careers.

You can also explore other careers in the psychological professions.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for dramatherapist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Medical herbalist

You can get into this job through:

University

To prepare for work as a medical herbalist, you can complete a degree level course in herbal medicine approved by the National Institute of Medical Herbalists.

Courses last 3 years full time or 4 to 6 years part time and include at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice with patients.

If you're a trained medical practitioner like a doctor or nurse, you could take a postgraduate degree in herbal medicine.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 or 3 A levels, or equivalent, including biology for a degree
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Volunteering

You'll find it useful to arrange some work shadowing with a practising medical herbalist before you begin your studies.

What you’ll need

  • have insurance
  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Career tips

Some training providers offer short courses in herbal medicine, which give you the opportunity to learn more about the subject and to see if it's a career you want to get into.

Further information

There is currently no statutory regulation for medical herbalists.

You can find out more about how to become a medical herbalist from the National Institute of Medical Herbalists.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for medical herbalist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Nutritionist

You can get into this job through a university course.

University

You'll usually need a degree or postgraduate qualification approved by the Association for Nutrition.

Approved courses include:

  • food and nutrition
  • biochemistry
  • physiology
  • public health
  • health promotion
Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 or 3 A levels, or equivalent, including biology or chemistry
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Volunteering

Volunteering in the NHS is a good way to get work experience in healthcare. This can be helpful when you apply for jobs or training.

You could also look for work and volunteering opportunities in:

  • food safety
  • food charity
  • sport and fitness
  • food manufacturing
  • university research

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Career tips

There are short courses available that can help you to decide whether nutrition is the right career for you. For example, you could do a:

  • certified course from Association for Nutrition
  • online nutrition course from FutureLearn
Professional and industry bodies

After university, you can apply to join the UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists which shows you're a qualified or experienced nutritionist.

Further information

You can find out more about a career in nutrition from the Association for Nutrition and Health Careers.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for nutritionist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Orthoptist

You can get into this job through:

University

You can study for a degree in orthoptics, approved by the Health and Care Professions Council.

Some courses offer a foundation year. This is for students returning to education who may not have the standard entry requirements.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C), or equivalent, including English, maths and science
  • 3 A levels, or equivalent, including at least 1 science
More about this route
Work experience

Volunteering in the NHS is a good way to get work experience, for example in a local orthoptic department. It also shows your commitment to working in healthcare. This can be helpful when you apply for jobs or training.

You can also find out work shadowing opportunities from the British and Irish Orthoptics Society.

NHS Learning Support Fund

As well as a student loan, you might be able to get financial support through the NHS Learning Support Fund.

Apprenticeship

You could apply to an NHS trust to do an Orthoptist Level 6 Degree Apprenticeship.

This takes 3 years to complete and is a mix of training on the job and academic study at an approved university.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 4 or 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C) and A levels, or equivalent, for a degree apprenticeship

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you'll need to register with the Health and Care Professions Council
Career tips

You would be expected to have an understanding of how the NHS values would apply in your work.

Professional and industry bodies

You could join the British and Irish Orthoptic Society, for professional development, training opportunities and to make industry contacts.

Student membership is free of charge until you graduate.

Further information

You can find out more about a career in orthoptics from the British and Irish Orthoptic Society and Health Careers.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for orthoptist. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Osteopath

You can get into this job through a university course or professional development training.

University

To become an osteopath, you'll need to complete a degree or postgraduate master's award approved by the General Osteopathic Council.

Full time courses usually take between 3 and 4 years and include:

  • anatomy
  • physiology
  • biomechanics
  • pharmacology
  • nutrition
Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C), or equivalent, including English, maths and science
  • 2 or 3 A levels, or equivalent, including a science, for a degree
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Volunteering

Volunteering in the NHS is a good way to get work experience in healthcare. This can be helpful when you apply for jobs or training.

Other routes

If you're already medically qualified, for example as a doctor or physiotherapist, you might be able to do a shortened postgraduate training programme to become an osteopath.

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks
  • have insurance

Before you can register with the General Osteopathic Council, you'll need to give health and personal character references.

Registration and professional bodies

Registration
  • you must be registered with the General Osteopathic Council to work as an osteopath
Career tips

You would be expected to have an understanding of how the NHS values would apply in your work.

Further information

You can learn more about a career in osteopathy from the General Osteopathic Council and Health Careers.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for osteopath. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Psychological wellbeing practitioner

You can get into this job through a university course or an apprenticeship.

University

You could do a degree in psychology or health and social care subjects then apply for a place on a postgraduate training course.

After your degree, you'll need to get a job in healthcare while you complete Improving Access to Psychological Therapy training approved by the British Psychological Society.

This 12 month course is made up of a day of academic study and 4 days of supervised practice each week.

Entry requirements
  • 2 to 3 A levels, or equivalent, for a degree
  • a degree in a relevant subject for postgraduate study

Apprenticeship

You could do a psychological wellbeing practitioner degree apprenticeship.

You may need a degree in a relevant subject like psychology or nursing or experience of working in mental health to do this apprenticeship.

Entry requirements

Employers will set their own entry requirements.

  • 4 or 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C) and A levels, or equivalent, for a higher or degree apprenticeship
  • a degree in a relevant subject

Volunteering

To get into this role you'll usually need a lot of experience of working with people who have mental health issues. This can be from paid work or volunteering.

You can:

  • get work experience in the NHS
  • search for roles on NHS jobs, like community support worker
  • find opportunities with Mind, Rethink Mental Illness and Turning point

What you’ll need

  • pass enhanced background checks

You may need a driving licence for some jobs.

Registration and professional bodies

Career tips

You would be expected to have an understanding of how the NHS values would impact your work, if applying for jobs in the NHS.

Further information

You can find out more about working as a psychological wellbeing practitioner from Health Careers.

You can also explore other careers in the psychological professions.

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for psychological wellbeing practitioner. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Pet behaviour consultant

You can get into this job through:

University

You could take a degree that includes the study of animal behaviour, though it is not essential. Relevant courses include:

  • animal behaviour and welfare
  • animal management
  • zoology with animal behaviour

If you want to become a member of a recognised professional or industry body you should check their preferred degree subject requirements.

As well as your degree, you will also need knowledge of different types of animals and animal breeds, and some experience of animal handling and training.

Postgraduate qualifications in subjects like animal welfare and behaviour, or applied animal behaviour and welfare, are also available.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 2 to 3 A levels, or equivalent, for a degree

College

You could take a course at college that would give you some of the skills and knowledge you need to start in an animal care role. From there, you could work towards further qualifications in animal behaviour.

Courses include:

  • animal care
  • companion animal behaviour and training
  • practical animal care skills
  • canine welfare, training and behaviour
Entry requirements

Entry requirements for these courses vary.

Apprenticeship

You could apply to do an Animal Training Instructor Level 4 Higher Apprenticeship.

This takes around 2 years to complete.

Entry requirements

You'll usually need:

  • 4 or 5 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C) and A levels, or equivalent, for a higher or degree apprenticeship

Other ways in

Work your way up

You could start out as an animal care assistant, with:

  • a dog kennels
  • a vet's practice
  • a riding stables
  • an animal welfare centre

With experience and the support of your employer, you may be able to train on the job to become a pet behaviour consultant.

Volunteering

Voluntary work with an animal welfare organisation, veterinary surgery or a pet rescue centre can be a useful way to get experience. This could help when you're looking for paid positions.

You can find out about volunteering opportunities from:

  • PDSA
  • RSPCA
  • Blue Cross
  • Dogs Trust
  • Guide Dogs
Other routes

You can find specialist courses on animal behaviour with animal welfare and training organisations. It may help to work towards national standards or membership of a professional body, such as:

  • Pet Education, Behaviour and Training Council
  • The Kennel Club
  • Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour

Registration and professional bodies

Further information

You can get more advice about working in pet behaviour through the:

  • Animal Behaviour and Training Council
  • Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors

Routes in are from the National Careers Service job profile for pet behaviour consultant. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

Apprenticeships

5 for this job
Level 7About 2 yearsDegree

Arts therapist

You gain
MSc/MA in either Art Therapy/Art Psychotherapy, Dramatherapy or Music Therapy accredited…
Registration
Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC)
Employers may ask for
Apprentices will need to be proficient in art, drama or music before applying to this apprenticeship eg holding a degree or with experiential equivalence. In…
Details on Skills England
Level 7About 3 years

Play therapist

Leads to
Play Therapy UK
Employers may ask for
Typically, Level 6 with a minimum of 2 years’ experience of working with children, parents and or carers or Level 5 through required prior Leaning (RPL)…
Details on Skills England
Level 6About 3 yearsDegree

Orthoptist

You gain
BSc (Hons) Orthoptics
Registration
The Health and Care Professionals Council (HCPC)
Employers may ask for
Entry requirements will be determined by the employer and the university, however, this will typically include 3 A-levels (to include a science subject) or…
Details on Skills England
Level 6About 4 yearsDegree

Osteopath

You gain
BSc (Honours) degree in Osteopathy or Level 7 qualification approved by the General…
Registration
General Osteopathic Council
Employers may ask for
Entry requirements will be determined by the employer and education provider. However, they will typically include 3 A-levels (including a science subject) or…
Details on Skills England
Level 6About 1 year

Psychological wellbeing practitioner

You gain
Certificate in Psychological Wellbeing Practice
Leads to
The British Psychological Society for Associate
Employers may ask for
Employers and universities will set their own entry requirements which might typically require applicants to have previous experience of working in mental…
Details on Skills England

© Skills England 2025. This information is licensed under the Open Government Licence https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

The work

ONS · ESCO · O*NET

Typical tasks

  • prescribes diet therapy and gives advice to patients, health care professionals and the public on dietetic and nutritional matters for those with special dietary requirements or to prevent illness amongst the general population
  • diagnoses and treats disorders of vision and eye movements, monitors subsequent progress and recommends further optical, pharmacological or surgical treatment as required
  • manipulates and massages patient to discover the cause of pain, relieve discomfort, restore function and mobility and to correct irregularities in body structure
  • prevents, recognises and treats injuries incurred playing sports or doing exercise and helps people manage injuries and rehabilitate themselves
  • adopts a holistic approach in assessing the overall health of the patient, and treats by inserting needles under the skin at particular locations according to the disorder being treated
  • diagnoses and treats behavioural problems in animals
  • provides support and guidance to patients regarding hereditary conditions and genetic testing.

Skills

  • ensure safety of healthcare users
  • communicate effectively in healthcare
  • comply with quality standards related to healthcare practice
  • follow clinical guidelines
  • provide health education
  • work in multidisciplinary health teams
  • employ foreign languages in care
  • advise on healthcare users' informed consent
  • apply context specific clinical competences
  • comply with legislation related to health care
  • deal with emergency care situations
  • develop a collaborative therapeutic relationship
  • empathise with the healthcare user
  • interact with healthcare users

Knowledge

  • human physiology
  • human anatomy
  • neurology
  • orthopaedics
  • paediatrics
  • psychology
  • first aid
  • geriatrics

Suits people who like

  • Helping and caring for people
  • Working with ideas and solving problems

Outlook

DfE · Skills Imperative 2035
Broader groupThese projections are for health professionals, a group of 24 jobs that includes therapy professionals n.e.c..
Change in jobs, 2020 to 2035↑ 19%about 310,000 more jobs
Workers needed by 20351.3 millionincluding people replacing those who retire or leave

Sources

Pay
ONS, Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, 2025 provisional
People in the job, who does it
ONS, Annual Population Survey, April 2025 to March 2026
Job adverts
ONS, online job adverts (Textkernel), to Aug 2026
Demand, skill shortages
Department for Education and Skills England, Occupations in demand and the Employer Skills Survey
Outlook
The Skills Imperative 2035 (2024), NFER/Nuffield/DfE/IER/CE
Routes in
National Careers Service job profiles
Apprenticeships, qualifications
Skills England occupational maps
Skills, interests
ESCO classification of the European Commission; O*NET data, U.S. Department of Labor (CC BY 4.0, modified)
Visas
Home Office, immigration system statistics

Figures as of 10 October 2026.

Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Source: Office for National Statistics licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Occupations in demand and the Employer Skills Survey: Department for Education and Skills England. Immigration system statistics: Home Office. Contains public sector information from the National Careers Service licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

© Skills England 2025. This information is licensed under the Open Government Licence https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/

Source: The Skills Imperative 2035 (2024), NFER/Nuffield/DfE/IER/CE.

This service uses the ESCO classification of the European Commission.

This service includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. This service has modified all or some of this information. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications. CC BY 4.0 licence.

jobfacts is independent. It is not part of, affiliated with or endorsed by the Office for National Statistics, the Department for Education, Skills England, the National Careers Service, the Home Office, the European Commission or the U.S. Department of Labor.